Nyabarongo Wetland is located in the south-east of Rwanda, south-east of Kigali, and includes swamps and marshes in part of the flood-plain of the Nyabarongo River, the longest river in Rwanda. The vegetation is composed of Cladium and Typha spp., Cyperus latifolius, C. papyrus and Echninochloa pyramidalis. Average annual rainfall is estimated to be 950–1,100 mm.

Around 50 bird species have been recorded from the wetlands, including Ardeola idae and Circus macrourus. In addition, three species of the Afrotropical Highlands biome have been reported.